Swaffham
Coordinates: 52°39′10″N 0°41′03″E / 52.652893, 0.684285
| Swaffham | |
  Swaffham shown within Norfolk |
|
| Population | 6,935 (2001) |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | TF815095 |
| District | Breckland |
| Shire county | Norfolk |
| Region | East |
| Constituent country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | SWAFFHAM |
| Postcode district | PE37 |
| Dialling code | 01760 |
| Police | Norfolk |
| Fire | Norfolk |
| Ambulance | East of England |
| European Parliament | East of England |
| UK Parliament | South West Norfolk |
| List of places: UK • England • Norfolk | |
Swaffham is a market town and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The town is situated 20 km east of King's Lynn and 50 km west of Norwich.
The civil parish has an area of 29.57 km² and in the 2001 census had a population of 6,935 in 3,130 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of Breckland.[1]
Contents |
History
Its name came from Old English Swǣfa hām = "the homestead of the Swabians"; some of them presumably came with the Angles and Saxons. In Domesday Book three lords were associated with Swaffham: Walter Giffard, with the largest manor; his tenant Hugh Bolebec, who held all of the Giffard land there; and Aubrey de Vere I, who held a smaller manor at Swaffham which the Domesday jurors said Aubrey had seized without the king's permission.[2] As the Bolebec estates passed into Vere hands through two marriages of Bolebec heiresses to Vere males in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, the two manors were combined and held by the Vere Earls of Oxford for several centuries.
A Benedictine priory for female religious was founded at Swaffham Bolebec between circa 1150 and 1163, probably by the Bolebecs.[3] About 8 km to the north of Swaffham can be found the ruins of the formerly important Castle Acre Priory and Castle Acre Castle.
By the 14th and 15th centuries Swaffham had a flourishing sheep and wool industry. As a result of this prosperity, the town has a large market place. The Market Cross here was built by George Walpole, 3rd Earl of Orford and presented to the town in 1783.[4] On the top is the statue of Ceres, the Roman goddess of the harvest.
On the west side of Swaffham Market Place are several old buildings which for many years housed the historic Hamond's Grammar School, as a plaque on the wall of the main building explains. The Hamond's grammar school building now serves as the sixth form for the Hamond's high school. Harry Carter, the school's art teacher, was responsible for a great number of the carved village signs that are now found in many of Norfolk's towns and villages, most notably perhaps Swaffham's own sign commemorating the legendary Pedlar of Swaffham,[5][6][7] which is in the corner of the market place just opposite the old school's gates. Harry was the nephew of the archaeologist Howard Carter.
Until 1968 it had a railway station on the Great Eastern Railway line from King's Lynn. Just after Swaffham, the line split into two, one branch heading south to Thetford, and the other west towards Dereham. The railways were closed as part of the Beeching Axe, through the possibility of rebuilding a direct rail link from Norwich to King's Lynn via Swaffham is occasionally raised.
Ecotech centre
Today the town is known for the presence of two large Enercon E-66 wind turbines, and the associated Ecotech Centre.[8] The turbines are owned and operated by Ecotricity, and together generate more than 3 Megawatts.[9] One wind turbine boasts an observation deck just below the nacelle. These have now been joined now by a further eight turbines at North Pickenham.
Kingdom (TV series)
In the summer of 2006, location filming was done in the town for the ITV1 series Kingdom, starring Stephen Fry. In Kingdom the town is called Market Shipborough. The pub The Startled Duck in the TV series is better known as The Greyhound Inn in which the Earl of Orford created the first coursing club open to the public in 1776.[10]
Roads
The A47 now avoids the town, using a bypass opened in 1981.[11]
Notable present and former residents
- Howard Carter, archaeologist who discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun
- Stephen Fry, actor and writer
- W.E. Johns, author of the Biggles books
- Christopher Dawes, author of Rat Scabies And The Holy Grail
- Michael Carroll, lottery winner
- Sir Arthur Knyvet Wilson, VC, GCB, OM, GCVO (1842 – 1921), First Sea Lord.
References
- ^ Office for National Statistics & Norfolk County Council (2001). Census population and household counts for unparished urban areas and all parishes. Retrieved December 2, 2005.
- ^ Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis, Victoria County History of Cambridgeshire, vol. I, p. 403.
- ^ D. Knowles and Hadcock, Medieval Religious Houses, p. 266.
- ^ Ripper, B. (1979) Ribbons from the Pedlar's Pack p126 ISBN 0-9506728-0-7
- ^ The Pedlar of Swaffham. More English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs (1894). Retrieved on 2007-03-27
- ^ The Pedlar of Swaffham. Old City – Names and Legends. Retrieved on 2007-03-27
- ^ Animation
- ^ Ecotech Centre
- ^ Ecotricity. Swaffham-I and Swaffham-II. Retrieved February 10, 2006.
- ^ History of Greyhounds: 18th and 19th Centuries
- ^ Ordnance Survey (1999). OS Explorer Map 236 – King's Lynn, Downham Market & Swaffham. ISBN 0-319-21867-8.
External links
- Map sources for Swaffham.
- Online Gallery of Swaffham Church
- Information from Genuki Norfolk on Swaffham
- Swaffham Town Council website
- Swaffham museum Howard Carter exhibit
- Swaffham photo gallery on the Swaffham Online website
Why are we here?
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
This page is cache of Wikipedia. History